Completing Sentence
বর্তমান সময়ে স্কুল-কলেজ, বিভিন্ন প্রতিযোগিতামূলক
পরীক্ষা, এমনকি চাকরি পরীক্ষার ক্ষেত্রে Completing Sentence এর নিয়ম গুলো খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ
। এ ধরনের নিয়মগুলো আমরা প্রতিনিয়ত
প্রতিযোগিতামূলক পরীক্ষার ক্ষেত্রে দেখতে পাই
। তাই আমাদের অবশ্যই Completing Sentence এর নিয়ম গুলো জানতে হবে । নিচে এ সম্পর্কে সহজ ভাষায় বিশদ আলোচনা করা হলোঃ
‡Kvb Am¤ú~Y© evK¨‡K m¤ú~Y© iƒc `vb Kiv‡K
Completing Sentence e‡j|
Important Rules of
Completing Sentences
vIf (hw`)
(i)
If + Present
Simple, + Present Simple/ Future Simple.
(ii)
If + Past Simple,
+ Past Conditional. (Sub+ would/ could/ might + V1 + --)
(iii)
If + Past
Perfect, + Perfect Conditional. (Sub+ would/ could/ might + have + V3+
------------)
(iv)
Had + Sub + v3
+ ------------,+Perfect Conditional.
Example:
(i)
If he wants, I
shall help him.
(ii)
If he came, I
would go.
(iii)
If I had seen
him, I might have told him the news.
(iv)
Had he wanted, they
would have helped him.
v Provided/
provided that/ providing that (hw`)
(i)
Incomplete
Sentence + provided/ provided that/ providing that + m½wZc~Y© Sentence.
Example:
(i)
I shall go out
provided that it does not rain.
(ii)
He will shine in
life provided he works hard.
v Would that/ I
Wish/ Had ( Am¤¢e B”Qv, AvKv•Lv, Kíbv cÖKvk K‡i)
(i)
Would that/ I
Wish + Unreal Past/ Subjunctive past tense.
Example:
(i)
I wish I were
a king.
(ii)
Would that he
were alive today.
v So ----------
that (GZB ------- †h)
(i)
Incomplete
Sentence + so + adj/ adv + that + sub + can/ could+ not + v1+ ----.
Example:
(i)
The man was so
tired that he could not walk.
(ii)
The load is so
heavy that he cannot carry it.
vSo
that/ In order that (hv‡Z)
(i)
Incomplete
Sentence + so that + sub + can/ could + v1+ ----.
Example:
(i)
He reads
attentively so that he can pass the SSC exam.
(ii)
Prema worked
hard so that he could do the work.
vToo ------ to (GZB
------- †h)
(i)
Incomplete
Sentence + too + adj/ adv + to + v1 +------.
(ii)
Incomplete
Sentence + too + adj/ adv + for + personal object + to + v1 +-----.
Example:
(i)
He is too
dishonest to speak the truth.
(ii)
The problem was
too hard for them to solve.
vLest (bZzev
/ cv‡Q fq nq Ggb)
(i)
Incomplete Sentence
+ lest + sub + should + v1 + ------.
Example:
(i)
Read attentively
lest you should fail in the exam.
(ii)
He walked fast
lest he should reach school in time.
vUnless ( hw`
bv)
(i)
Unless +
Affirmative + Affirmative/ Negative.
(ii)
Affirmative/ Negative
+ Unless + Affirmative.
Example:
(i)
Unless he gets
up early in the morning, he can not enough time to work.
(ii)
You will not
succeed unless you work hard.
vTill (ch©šÍ)/ Until ( hZÿb
bv ch©šÍ)
(i)
Incomplete
Sentence + till + m½wZc~Y©
Sentence.
(ii)
Affirmative/
Negative + Until + Affirmative.
Example:
(i)
Read the book
till I come back.
(ii)
Wait here until I
come back from office.
vBefore (c~‡e©)/
After
(c‡i)
(i)
Past Perfect +
before + past simple.
(ii)
Past simple +
after + past perfect.
Example:
(i)
I had reached
the station before the train left.
(ii)
He came home
after he had finished his work.
vThough / Although (hw`I
----- ZeyI)
(i)
Though/ Although
+ 1g sentence + we‡ivwa fvev_©K 1g sentence Gi|
Example:
(i)
Though he is
rich, he is unhappy.
(ii)
Although he is
poor, he is honest.
vAs if/ As though (‡hb)
(i)
Present simple +
as if/ as though + past simple.
(ii)
Past simple + as
if/ as though + past perfect.
(iii)
Present/ Past
simple + as if/ as though + unreal past (were).
Example:
(i)
He pretends as
if he knew everything.
(ii)
Hena proceeded
as though I had not spoken.
(iii)
Habib behaves as
if he were a mad.
vNo sooner ---- than/ Hardly ----
when/ Scarcely ---- when (‡hBgvÎ --- Agwb)
(i)
No sooner had + ------ + than + sub + v2 + ----.
(ii)
Hardly had + ------ + when/ before + sub + v2
+------.
(iii)
Scarcely had + ------ + when + sub + v2 +------.
Example:
(i)
No sooner had I
left the room than it began to rain.
(ii)
Hardly had I
left the room when it began to rain.
(iii)
Scarcely had I left the room when it
began to rain.
vWhen (hLb)
(i)
When + Past
Simple/ Past Perfect + Past simple.
(ii)
Present simple +
when + Present Simple/Future simple.
Example:
(i)
When we had
reached the college, the bell rang.
(ii)
10 a.m. is the
time when I start my work.
vSince (‡_‡K)
(i)
Present Simple/
Perfect + since + Past Simple.
(ii)
Past Simple +
since + Past Perfect.
Example:
(i)
Ten years have
passed since we first met.
(ii)
Five years
passed since I had seen her.
vSince/ As (‡h‡nZz),
Because
(KviY), That (‡h)
(i)
Incomplete
Sentence + Since/ As/ Because + m½wZc~Y© Sentence (Tense GKB nq|)
Example:
(i)
Since the
weather was very cold, I could not go to school.
(ii)
As he was tired,
he could not attend the meeting.
(iii)
Rahim could not
walk fast because he was weak.
(iv) I am sure that he can do the work.
vIt is time/ It is high time (GLbB
mgq/ GLbB †kl mgq)
(i)
It is time/ It
is high time + Sub + v2 + -------.
Example:
(i)
It is time we
took our decision.
(ii)
It is high time we
solved the problem.
vIn Case (hw`)
(i)
Present/ Future
+ in case + Present.
(ii)
Past + in case +
Past.
Example:
(i)
Sumon carries an
umbrella in case it rains.
(ii)
I waited here in case he came.
vOtherwise (bB‡j)
(i)
Imperative
Sentence + otherwise + Future Sentence.
Example:
(i)
Study hard
otherwise you will fail in the examination.
(ii)
Work hard
otherwise you will not shine in life.
vLet Alone (wPšÍv
Kiv hvq bv ev fvev hvq bv Ggb)
(i)
Weak welq
+ let alone + Strong welq|
Example:
(i)
He can not pass
in the third division, let alone in the first division.
(ii)
I can not swim a
kilometer, let alone ten kilometers.
vIn spite of/ Despite (m‡Ë¡I)
(ii)
In spite of/
Despite + Incomplete Sentence + wecixZ A_©‡evaK sentence Øviv Complete
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Example:
(i)
In spite of his poverty
he is honest.
(ii)
Despite his
little power he is neglected.
vOn account of / Because of (Kvi‡Y)
(i)
On account of /
Because of + Kvib wb‡`©kK Pharse + djvdj cÖKvk K‡I Ggb Clause.
Example:
(i)
On account of
his illness, he could not join the class.
(ii)
Because of his
ill health, he could not join the Army.
vWould rather, would better, would
sooner, had rather, had sooner, had batter (eis fvj)
(i)
Sub + Word wU
+ v1 + than + -------------.
Example:
(i)
He would rather
starve than steal.
(ii)
She had better
die than pocket this dishonor.
Some Important Proverbs
(i)
All that
glitters is not gold. (PK
PK Ki‡jB †mvbv nq bv|)
(ii)
Strike the iron
while it is hot. (‡Svc
ey‡S †Kvc gvi|)
(iii)
Danger often
comes where danger is feared. (‡h
Lv‡b ev‡Ni fq †mLv‡b mܨ nq|)
(iv)
A drawing man
catches at a straw. (WzešÍ
gvbyl LoKz‡Uv †c‡jI AuvK‡o a‡i|)
(v)
God helps those
who help themselves. (Avjøvn
Zv‡`iB mvnvh¨ K‡ib †h wb‡R‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i)
(vi)
United we stand,
divided we fall. (GKZvB
DÌvb we‡f‡` cZb|)
(vii)
It is easy to
say but difficult to do. (ejv
mnR wKš‘ Kiv KwVb|)
(viii)
As you sow, so
you reap. (‡hgb
Kg© †Zgb dj|)
(ix)
Time and tide
wait for none. (mgq I
†¯ªvZ Kv‡iv Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i bv|)
(x)
A friend in need
is a friend indeed. (wec‡`i
e›`yB cÖK…Z e›`y|)
(xi)
Too much
courtesy, too much craft. (AwZfw³
†Pv‡ii jÿY|)
(xii)
One swallow does
not make a summer. (GK
gv‡N kxZ hvq bv|)
(xiii)
Where there is
the will, there is the way. (B”Qv
_vwK‡j Dcvq nq|)
(xiv)
Cut your coat
according to your cloth. (Avq
ey‡S e¨q Ki|)
(xv)
Barking dogs
seldom bite. (hZ M‡R©
ZZ e‡l© bv|)
(xvi)
Empty vessels
sound much. (Lvwj Kjm
ev‡R †ekx|)
(xvii)
All’s well that
ends well. (me fvj
hvi †kl fvj Zvi|)
(xviii)
No pains, no
gains. (Kó bv
Kwi‡j †Kó †g‡j bv|)
(xix)
A little
learning is a dangerous thing. (Aíwe`¨v fq¼ix|)
(xx)
Self-help is the
best help. (wb‡Ri
ejB †kÖó ej|)
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